1. Promote preventative healthcare and optimise efficient care pathways^{2,6, 11}

• educate patients about health and wellness and other preventive healthcare measures to reduce hospital visits and the need for treatments; and
• optimise care pathways (e.g., digital services, telemedicine solutions) to streamline services and minimise patient emissions.
  
  

2. Transition to renewable energy and adopt low–GHG emissions infrastructure^{1, 3, 6, 7, 9}

• replace fossil fuel heating with low-GHG emissions alternatives, e.g., heat pumps;
• improve roofing and insulations across all buildings;
• upgrade lighting across all buildings and real estate to LED lighting; and
• invest in zero emissions buildings and infrastructure.
  
  

3. Adopt sustainable medical equipment and products and increase circularity^{1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9}

• reduction of the size of product packaging, optimised design and replace with lower carbon materials;
• increasing energy efficiency and circularity in healthcare machinery and equipment; and
• streamline packaging with low-GHG emissions materials and reduce overall use.
  
  

4. Reduce healthcare fleet emissions^{1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9}

• reduce air freight and shift to use of sea, road, and rail freights;
• electrify or shift to other low-GHG emissions vehicle fleets; and
• incentivise staff to use electric vehicles or active forms of travel, such as cycling and walking.
  
  

5. Implement sustainable waste management practices^{1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12}

• implement strategies to minimise medical and pharmaceutical waste;
• partner with suppliers for reduced and recyclable packaging;
  
  

6. Engage suppliers to reduce emissions^6,10,12

• develop common supplier standards around emissions disclosure and target setting;
• fund green tech research and development; and
• include sustainability as a criterion in purchasing decisions e.g., for products and foods.